9.2.3 Pronouns
Use this domain for the personal pronouns, including independent, subject, object, and possessive pronouns. It is best to collect all the pronouns in a chart. This way you are more certain of collecting them all and seeing how they are related to each other. A language may have more sets and more distinctions than English does, or it may have less. For instance some languages have a pronoun 'we' which includes the hearer, and another pronoun 'we' which excludes the hearer. Other languages have an indefinite pronoun that means something like the English word 'someone'. Many languages do not have the masculine (he), feminine (she), and neuter (it) distinctions that English has. It is necessary to determine the sets and functions of the pronouns for each language.
-
(1) What general words refer to the class of pronouns?
Example words: pronoun
-
(2) What pronouns refer to the speaker?
Example words: I, me, my, mine
-
(3) What pronouns refer to the speaker and those associated with the speaker?
Example words: we, us, our, ours
-
(4) What pronouns refer to the audience?
Example words: you, your, yours
-
(5) What pronouns refer to the people or things being spoken about?
Example words: he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
-
(6) What pronouns are used for the subject of a sentence?
Example words: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
<I> went to town.
-
(7) What pronouns are used for the object of a sentence?
Example words: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
John hit <me>.
-
(8) What pronouns are used in a possessive phrase?
Example words: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
This is <my> house.
-
(9) What pronouns are used in a possessive clause?
Example words: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
That house is <mine>.
-
(10) What pronouns are used to emphasize the people or things being spoken about, especially when you are emphasizing that one person does something and not someone else?
Example words: as for me (I), as for you (you), as for him (he), as for us (we), as for them (they)
He <himself> admits he is guilty.; I did it <myself> without any help.; You can do what you want. <As for me>, I'm not going.