1.2.1 Land

Use this domain for words referring to the ground we stand on, the earth versus the sky.

OMC Codes:

133 Topography and Geology

Louw Nida Codes:

1 Geographical Objects and Features

1F The Earth's Surface

What words refer to the land in contrast to the sea?

land (and sea), dry land, mainland, continent, inland, interior

What is the earth called in distinction to heaven or the sky?

(heaven and) earth, earth (and sky), (on the) ground

What words refer to the ground we stand on?

ground

What general words refer to the type of land in an area?

geography, topography, feature, landscape, terrain

What words refer to how high the land is?

altitude, sea level

What words refer to the surface of the earth?

surface, crust, lithosphere

1.2.1.1 Mountain

Use this domain for words related to mountains.

Louw Nida Codes:

1G Elevated Land Formations

What types of mountains are there?

mountain, mount, hill, volcano, plateau, moor, butte, crag, dome, height, highland, upland, uplift, mound, formation

What words refer to a mountain with a flat top?

plateau, mesa, tableland

What words describe land that has many mountains?

mountain range, mountainous, the hills, hilly, rolling hills, highlands

What words refer to the top of a mountain?

top, summit, peak, pinnacle

What words refer to the side of a mountain?

face, mountainside, hillside, slope, shoulder, foothill, saddle

What words refer to a steep place on a mountain?

cliff, bluff, butte, escarpment, ridge, precipice, brow, ledge

What words describe how steep a mountain is?

slope, steep, gentle, contour, gradient

What words refer to the bottom of a mountain?

foot, bottom

What words refer to snow on a mountain?

snowcap, glacier

What words refer to rocks at the bottom of a mountain?

moraine, talus

What words refer to when part of a mountain falls?

landslide, avalanche

What do people do to mountains?

climb

What words refer to a place you can travel through the mountains?

pass, tunnel

1.2.1.2 Volcano

Use this domain for words related to volcanoes.

What words refer to a volcano?

volcano, volcanic

What are the parts of a volcano?

cone, cinder cone, core of a volcano, crater, lava flow

What do volcanoes do?

erupt, eruption, spew (gas, lava, ash), explode, blow, produce a cloud, cause earthquakes, bury things (under lava, ash), smoke

What do volcanoes produce?

lava, molten lava, volcanic ash, cloud of ash, ash flow, pyroclastic flow, volcanic cinder, volcanic glass (obsidian), pumice, thunder egg

What words refer to whether a volcano is erupting or not?

active, dormant, extinct

1.2.1.3 Plain, plateau

Use this domain for words referring to land that is flat.

What words refer to land that is flat?

plain, plateau, prairie, steppe, savanna, tundra, heath, mesa, field, meadow, pasture, flatland, tableland, bottomland, lowland, level ground, lowlands

What words describe land that is flat?

flat, level, even

What words a place that is not very flat?

uneven, dip, depression, basin, rut, rutted

1.2.1.4 Valley

Use this domain for words related to valleys.

Louw Nida Codes:

1H Depressions and Holes

What types of valleys are there?

valley, ravine, gully, canyon, gulch, course, basin, channel, gorge, rift, wadi, depression

What words describe valleys?

narrow, broad, deep

1.2.1.5 Underground

Use this domain for words referring to the area under the ground, and to holes in the ground.

Louw Nida Codes:

1H Depressions and Holes

1C Regions Below the Surface of the Earth

What words refer to the area under the surface of the earth?

underground, below ground, subterranean, abyss, bedrock, core, mantle, stratum, subsoil

What words refer to natural holes in the ground?

hole, cave, cavern, grotto, opening, crack, depression, hollow, cavity, channel, chasm, cleft, cranny, crater, crevasse, crevice, depression, dip, mud hole, pit, sinkhole, mouth of a cave

What words refer to man-made holes in the ground?

conduit, culvert, ditch, foxhole, mine, pit, pothole, rut, subway, shaft, trench, trough, tunnel, well,

What words refer to a hole made by an animal?

burrow, den, foxhole, lair

What words refer to water under the ground?

aquifer, underground river

1.2.1.6 Forest, grassland, desert

Use this domain for words referring to an area of land that has particular types of plants growing in it.

What words refer to the types of plants that grow in an area?

ecosystem, vegetation

What words refer to a forest or group of trees?

forest, forested, rain forest, grove, wood, wooded, woodland, woods, thicket, jungle, taiga, orchard

What are the parts of a forest?

forest canopy, forest floor, underbrush, undergrowth, edge (of the forest), deep in the forest, backwoods, timberland

What words refer to a place in a forest where there are no trees?

meadow, clearing

What words refer to land covered by grass or bushes?

grassland, prairie, savannah, bush, moor, moorland, brush, brake, heath, scrubby, scrubland, shrubby, steppe, tundra, veldt

What words refer to land where many plants grow?

lush, dense, thick, overgrown,

What words refer to land where very few plants grow?

desert, wasteland, oasis

What words refer to land where no people live?

wilderness, uninhabited, frontier, hinterland, outback

1.2.1.7 Earthquake

Use this domain for words related to earthquakes. In some languages earthquakes are thought of as moving somewhere. In Amele (PNG) they say "mim nen" which means 'the earthquake came down (from above)'. In Northern Embera an earthquake is a "house-shaking". They say "a house-shaking went."

Louw Nida Codes:

14J Movement of the Earth x

What words refer to earthquakes?

earthquake, quake, tremor, temblor, shock, seismic, upheaval

What do earthquakes do?

rock (house, ground), shake (house, ground), crack (ground), knock down (things), cause (buildings) to collapse, ground splits, earth shifts

Where do earthquakes occur?

earthquake fault, fault line, epicenter, fissure

What words refer to a large wave caused by an earthquake?

tidal wave, tsunami,