9.5.1 Primary cases

Use this section for primary cases.

  • What words indicate the subject of a sentence?
    (no words in English)
  • What words indicate the object of a sentence?
    (no words in English)
  • What words indicate the indirect object of a sentence?
    to,

    • 9.5.1.1 Beneficiary of an event

    Use this domain for words that mark the beneficiary of an event. The sentence "John built a house for his father" is ambiguous. If the house was for his father to live in, then "for" would mark the 'Beneficiary of a patient', meaning that the house was for the father. If, on the other hand, the father was intending to build the house to sell, but couldn't due to an injury, then "for" would mark the 'Beneficiary of an event', meaning the father benefited from the building of the house.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    90I Benefaction
  • What words mark the beneficiary of an event?
    for, for (someone's) sake, for the sake of, for (someone's) benefit, for the benefit of

    • 9.5.1.2 Instrument

    Use this domain for words that mark an instrument used to do something.

    Related domains: 
    6.7 Tool
    6.1.2.2 Use
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    90B Instrument
  • What words mark the instrument used to do something?
    with, using

    • 9.5.1.3 Means

    Use this domain for words indicating the means by which something is done.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    89L Means
  • What words indicate the means by which something is done?
    by, by means of

    • 9.5.1.4 Way, manner

    Use this domain for words indicating the way or manner in which something is done.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    89N Manner
  • What words indicate the way you do something or the way something is done?
    way, manner, style, fashion, how, thus, mode,
  • What question words ask for the manner in which something is done?
    how,
  • What words indicate that something is done in a particular way?
    in a ... way/manner/fashion, with, like, along ... lines, as if, as though, with an air of,
  • What words indicate the way in which something happened?
    in,

    • 9.5.1.5 Attendant circumstances

    Use this domain for words indicating the attendant circumstances in which something happened.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    89M Attendant Circumstances
  • What words indicate attendant circumstances?
    in

    • 9.5.1.6 Spatial location of an event

    Use this domain for words indicating the spatial location of an event.

  • What words indicate the location of an event?
    at

    • 9.5.1.6.1 Source (of movement)

    Use this domain for words that mark the Source (original location) of something.

  • What words indicate the Source of movement?
    source, from

    • 9.5.1.6.2 Path (of movement)

    Use this domain for words indicating the Path of movement.

  • What words indicate the Path of movement?
    via, course, route,

    • 9.5.1.6.3 Goal (of movement)

    Use this domain for words indicating the Goal of movement.

  • What words indicate the Goal of movement?
    to, destination,

    • 9.5.1.6.4 Origin (of a person)

    Use this domain for words that mark the place where someone was born or the place where they have been living.

  • What words indicate the place where someone was born?
    from, be from (the tribe, or country),
  • What words refer to the place where a person is from?
    home town,