Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that modify verbs.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that modify verbs.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate tense and aspect.
Use this domain for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate tense (also known as temporal deixis)--the time of a situation (event, activity, or state) in relation to a reference point, which is usually the time of utterance. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate aspects of dynamic verbs. Aspects describe the temporal contours of a situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate aspects of stative verbs. Aspects describe the temporal contours of a situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate relational tenses. Relational tenses describe situations where the reference time is not the same as the moment of speech. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate agent-oriented modalities. Agent-oriented modalities describe internal or external conditions on a willful agent with respect to the completion of the predicate situation. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this domain for words indicating that someone can do something.
Use this domain for words related to being incapable of doing something.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something must happen.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate moods.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate imperatives. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. Use this domain for words and affixes that a speaker uses to indicate that he is making a command. English has no command word. Some languages change the form of the verb by adding an affix. Some languages have special verbs that are only or normally used as commands. Those verbs could be classified here.
Use this domain for ways of saying that someone should do something. If I say someone should do something, I think it is good that he does it.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he is asking a question. English has no question word, but other languages such as Japanese do.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate epistemic moods. Epistemic moods have the whole proposition in their scope and indicate the degree of commitment of the speaker to the truth or future truth of the proposition. They may be combined with any of the tenses, either in the same morpheme or in combinations of morphemes. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is certainly true or is certain to happen.
Use this domain for words related to being sure that something is true.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is probable or likely to occur.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is possible. Maybe implies that the speaker doesn't know something.
Use this domain for words that indicate that no one is certain that something is true, or when it is impossible to be certain that something is true.
Use this domain for words related to not feeling sure about something or someone.
Use this domain for words indicating that you think something is true, but you are not completely sure about it.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks it is possible that something may happen or be true, but he isn't certain.
Use this domain for words indicating that something seems to be a certain way--you see (or hear) something and think something about it, but you are not sure that what you think is true.
Use this domain for words indicating that although something is true, it almost is not true.
Use this domain for words indicating that you think something is unlikely to be true or to happen.
Use this domain for words that a speaker uses to indicate that he thinks something is impossible.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate evidentials. An evidential is when the speaker indicates the source of the information on which an assertion about a situation is based. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this domain for words indicating who is evaluating the proposition.
Use this domain for words that affirm or agree with the truth of something, or that answer a yes/no question in the affirmative.
Use this domain for words that negate or deny the truth of something, or that answer a yes/no question in the negative.
Use this domain for words indicating that an affirmative answer is expected to a question.
Use this domain for words indicating that a negative answer is expected to a question.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate a subordinate clause. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
Use this section for verbal auxiliaries, affixes, adverbs, and particles that indicate adverbial clauses. The following definitions are taken from Bybee, Joan, Revere Perkins, and William Pagliuca. 1994. The evolution of grammar. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.