5.2 Food

Use this domain for general words referring to food.

OMC Codes: 
146 Nutrition
Louw Nida Codes: 
5 Foods and Condiments
5A Food
  • What general words refer to food?
    food, sustenance, nourishment, intake, nutrition, nutritional, non-nutritional, diet
  • 5.2.1 Food preparation

    Use this domain for words related to food preparation.

    OMC Codes: 
    252 Food Preparation
    265 Food Service Industries
  • What words refer to preparing food?
    food preparation, cook, prepare food, fix (a meal, dish), make a dish
  • What words refer to the person who prepares food and cooks?
    the cook, chef, short order cook, cookie
  • What words refer to a person who prepares special types of food?
    baker (bread), butcher (meat), confectioner (candy), brewer (alcohol)
  • What words refer to the thing that is cooked?
    food, meal, dish
  • What words refer to the place where food is prepared and cooked?
    kitchen, cookhouse, bakery, butchery, food processing plant, restaurant
  • What words describe how well a person cooks?
    good cook, bad cook, tremendous cook, fantastic cook
  • What words describe how thoroughly something has been cooked?
    raw, rare, medium, well done, under done, under cooked, over cooked, burnt, burned to a crisp, crispy, charred, just right
  • What words refer to a set of instructions for cooking something?
    recipe, ingredients, instructions, measurements
  • 5.2.1.1 Cooking methods

    Use this domain for words referring to various ways of cooking food. It is necessary to think through different kinds of food and how they are cooked. An example is given below for cooking eggs.

  • What words refer to various ways of cooking food?
    cook, bake, baste, boil, boil over, braise, brew, broil, brown (v), fry, deep fat fry, grill, marinate, pan-fry, parboil, pickle, poach, roast, sauté, season, sift, simmer, steam, stew, stir fry,
  • What ways can you cook an egg?
    boil, fry, scramble, poach, bake
  • What words describe something that has been cooked?
    cooked, boiled, braised, broiled, fried, grilled, marinated, parboiled, pickled, poached, sautéed, stewed,
  • What words describe something that is being cooked?
    sizzle,
  • 5.2.1.2 Steps in food preparation

    Use this domain for words related to the steps in food preparation. One way to find the words in this domain is to describe how each type of food is prepared.

  • What are the steps in preparing food?
    gather ingredients, add ingredients, pour into dish, dilute, thicken, concentrated, dissolve, sweeten,
  • What words refer to cutting up ingredients?
    shred, grate, slice, cut up, chop, dice, cube, quarter, halve, mince, grind,
  • What words refer to mixing ingredients?
    mix, stir, knead, toss, tossed, whisk, beat,
  • What words refer to allowing food to ripen?
    ripen, age (cheese), allow cream to rise, allow bread to rise,
  • 5.2.1.2.1 Remove shell, skin

    Use this domain for words related to removing the shell or skin from food.

  • What words refer to removing the shell or skin from food?
    shell, skin, pare, peel, husk
  • 5.2.1.2.2 Pound in mortar and pestle

    Use this domain for words related to pounding food in a mortar.

  • What words refer to pounding food in a mortar?
    mortar, pestle, pound
  • 5.2.1.2.3 Grind flour

    Use this domain for words related to grinding flour.

  • What words refer to grinding flour?
    grind, mill
  • What words refer to the grain before it is ground?
    grain
  • What words refer to the flour after it is ground?
    flour, wheat flour, corn flour, millet flour
  • What tools are used to grind flour?
    mill, flourmill, grind stone, millstone, grinder, grinding mill, flour sack
  • 5.2.1.3 Cooking utensil

    Use this domain for words related to cooking utensils.

    OMC Codes: 
    415 Utensils
  • What general words refer to cooking utensils?
    utensil, tool, appliance
  • What utensils are used to cut food?
    knife, paring knife, bread knife, butcher knife, cleaver, grater, cutting board, chopping block
  • What utensils are used to break up and crush food?
    mortar and pestle, meat tenderizer, grinder, meat grinder
  • What utensils are used to move, stir, mix and turn food?
    pancake turner, spatula, whisk, stirring spoon, wooden spoon, meat fork, spit, mixer, blender
  • What containers are used to mix food?
    mixing bowl
  • What utensils are used to measure ingredients?
    measuring cup, measuring spoon
  • What utensils are used to handle hot pans?
    hot pad, oven mitt
  • What containers are used to cook food?
    pot, pan, frying pan, baking pan, casserole dish, cookie sheet, kettle
  • What appliances are used to cook food?
    oven, stove, grill, broiler, toaster, toaster oven, microwave oven, barbeque, fireplace
  • What appliances are used to store food?
    refrigerator, freezer, icebox, cupboard, pantry
  • What are the parts of these utensils?
    handle (of a pot, knife), blade (of a knife), lid (of a pot, container), lip (of a bowl), door (of an oven, refrigerator, cupboard), shelf (of a refrigerator, cupboard), rack (of an oven, grill)
  • 5.2.1.4 Food storage

    Use this domain for words referring to food preservation and storage.

  • What words refer to preserving food?
    preserve
  • What methods and materials are used to preserve food?
    dry, salt, preservative
  • What words refer to storing food?
    store, save, leftovers
  • What containers are used to store food?
    container, jar, bottle, canister, spice rack, flour sack, bag, granary
  • 5.2.1.5 Serve food

    Use this domain for words related to serving food.

  • What words refer to serving food?
    serve, dish up, to ladle
  • Who serves food?
    servant, waiter, waitress, butler
  • What is a piece of food called?
    portion, piece, last piece, slice, share
  • What is the best piece called?
    delicacy, best piece
  • What utensils are used to serve food?
    serving dish, serving platter, serving spoon, ladle, tureen, soup bowl, salad bowl, pot, common dish
  • Where is food served?
    dining room, restaurant, banquet hall, serving line, buffet, soup line
  • 5.2.2 Eat

    Use this domain for words related to eating.

    OMC Codes: 
    260 Food Consumption
    262 Diet
    264 Eating
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    23A Eat, Drink
  • What general words refer to eating food?
    eat, consume, ingest, partake
  • What words refer to licking with the tongue?
    lick
  • What words refer to swallowing?
    swallow, gulp
  • What words refer to difficulty in swallowing?
    choke, gag
  • What words refer to feeding someone?
    feed (someone), force-feed
  • 5.2.2.1 Bite, chew

    Use this domain for words referring to biting and chewing with the teeth.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    23B Processes Involving the Mouth, Other Than Eating and Drinking x
  • What words refer to biting something?
    bite, bite into, bite off, take a bite, chomp down on, champ, crunch,
  • What words refer to biting someone?
    give someone a bite, sink your teeth into, snap at,
  • What words refer to a wound caused by an animal biting you?
    bite,
  • What words refer to chewing?
    chew, gnaw, masticate
  • What refer to grinding your teeth together?
    grind your teeth, gnash, clench your teeth,
  • What words refer to swallowing?
    swallow,
  • 5.2.2.2 Meal

    Use this domain for words related to a meal.

  • What general words refer to a time when people eat?
    meal, mealtime
  • What words refer to a meal eaten at a particular time of day?
    breakfast, lunch, supper, brunch, mid afternoon snack, midnight snack, tea, luncheon,
  • What words refer to the main meal of the day?
    dinner
  • What words refer to a small meal?
    snack, light breakfast, light meal
  • What words refer to a meal eaten outside?
    picnic,
  • What words refer to eating a meal?
    dine, breakfast (v), lunch (v), snack (v)
  • What do people say at the beginning of a meal?
    Let's say grace. Let's thank the Lord for the food. Let's eat. Dig in.
  • What do people say when they want something?
    (Please) pass (the salt). May I have (the salt, please).
  • What do people say when they are done eating?
    Thank you. May I be excused.
  • 5.2.2.3 Feast

    Use this domain for words related to a feast.

  • What words refer to a large or important meal?
    dinner, banquet, feast
  • What are the parts of a feast?
    first course, main course
  • Who is the leader of a feast?
    host, master of ceremonies
  • Who is invited to a feast?
    guest, dinner guest, guest of honor
  • What happens at a feast?
    propose a toast
  • 5.2.2.4 Manner of eating

    Use this domain for words describing the manner in which a person eats.

  • What words refer to eating before others?
    eat before others, eat early
  • What words refer to tasting a little food to see if it tastes good?
    taste, test, sample
  • What words refer to eating a little?
    eat a little, nibble, snack, go on a diet, to diet, diet (n)
  • What words refer to eating a lot?
    eat a lot, eat too much, be a glutton, gluttony, eat like a pig, pig out
  • What words refer to eating fast?
    gobble, inhale, wolf down, devour, eat fast
  • What words refer to eating more than your share?
    eat more than your share, be greedy
  • What words refer to eating two things together?
    (no words in English, but some in North American Indian languages)
  • 5.2.2.5 Hungry, thirsty

    Use this domain for words related to being hungry or thirsty.

    OMC Codes: 
    261 Gratification and Control of Hunger
    271 Water and Thirst
  • What words refer to being hungry?
    hungry, hunger, famished, starved, ravenous,
  • What are the symptoms of hunger?
    hunger pains, stomach is growling
  • What words refer to being thirsty?
    thirsty, thirst, dying of thirst, parched
  • What words refer to how much you can eat or want to eat?
    appetite, big appetite, small appetite
  • What words refer to not wanting to eat?
    lack of appetite, no appetite, not hungry
  • 5.2.2.6 Satiated, full

    Use this domain for words related to being full of food.

  • What words refer to being full of food?
    be full, have had enough, couldn't eat another thing, bloated, stuffed, on a full stomach, satisfied, satiated, no more room,
  • What words describe food that makes you feel full?
    filling, heavy, stodgy,
  • 5.2.2.7 Drink

    Use this domain for words related to drinking.

    OMC Codes: 
    271 Water and Thirst
  • What general words refer to drinking?
    drink, drunk, take a drink
  • What words describe the manner in which a person can drink?
    guzzle, gulp, gulp down, swig, sip, suck, pour down your throat, inhale, to down (something)
  • What words refer to what is drunk?
    drink (n)
  • What expressions are used to ask for a drink?
  • What expressions are used to offer a drink?
  • 5.2.2.8 Eating utensil

    Use this domain for words related to eating utensils.

    OMC Codes: 
    415 Utensils
  • What words refer to the utensils used to cut and move food?
    eating utensil, knife, butter knife, steak knife, fork, dessert fork, spoon, teaspoon, soup spoon, spatula, serving spoon, chopsticks,
  • What words refer to a dish for food?
    plate, dinner plate, salad plate, bowl, cereal bowl
  • What words refer to a dish for drinking?
    cup, glass, mug, goblet
  • What utensils are used for catching spilled food?
    bib, napkin (serviette), placemat
  • What words refer to the utensils used by one person?
    place setting
  • What words refer to preparing the table for eating?
    set the table
  • 5.2.2.9 Fast, not eat

    Use this domain for words related to fasting--to not eat for a period of time.

  • What words refer fasting?
    to fast, fast (n), not eat, go without food
  • What words refer to different kinds of fasts?
    neither eat nor drink, liquid diet, daytime fast, total fast
  • What words refer to stopping a fast?
    break a fast
  • 5.2.3 Types of food

    Use this domain for words related to types of food.

  • What words refer to major types of food?
    cereal, staple, meat, fruit, vegetable, salad, raw food, cooked food, condiment, main dish, side dish
  • What words describe whether something can be eaten or not?
    edible, inedible
  • What words describe food?
    tender, tough, crisp, crispy, raw, stale, fresh
  • 5.2.3.1 Food from plants

    Use this domain for words related to food from plants.

    OMC Codes: 
    137h Crops and vegetables
  • What words refer to plants that can be eaten?
    edible plants
  • What words refer to a person (or animal) who only eats plants?
    vegetarian
  • 5.2.3.1.1 Food from seeds

    Use this domain for words related to food from seeds.

  • What general words refer to seeds that are eaten?
    seed, grain, cereal, bean, legume, nut,
  • What types of grain are eaten?
    rice, wheat, corn, maize, barley, sesame, millet, sorghum, oat,
  • What types of nuts are eaten?
    peanut, groundnut, cashew, walnut, almond, cola nut, palm nut, coconut, cocoa nut
  • What types of beans are eaten?
    green bean, lima bean, kidney bean, pea, cowpea, soybean
  • What other types of seeds are eaten?
    cottonseed, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds
  • 5.2.3.1.2 Food from fruit

    Use this domain for words related to food from fruit.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    3D Fruit Parts of Plants
  • What types of fruit are eaten?
    apple, apricot, avocado, banana, berry, blueberry, breadfruit, carob, citrus, cranberry, date, fig, flaxseed, grape, grapefruit, hayseed, jackfruit, legume, lemon, lime, linseed, mango, olive, orange, papaya, passion fruit, pea, peach, pear, pineapple, plantain, plum, prune, raisin, raspberry, strawberry, tomato
  • 5.2.3.1.3 Food from vegetables

    Use this domain for words related to food from vegetables.

  • What types of vegetables are eaten?
    vegetable, tomato, leek, squash, carrot, beans, greens, spinach, cabbage, lettuce, eggplant, okra, pumpkin, cucumber, red pepper, green pepper, cassava leaf
  • What types of gourds are eaten?
    gourd, pumpkin, squash, eggplant
  • 5.2.3.1.4 Food from leaves

    Use this domain for words referring to food from leaves and stems.

  • What types of leaves are eaten?
    leafy vegetable, salad, lettuce, cabbage, spinach, pumpkin leaves, cowpea leaves
  • What types of stems are eaten?
    sugarcane, rhubarb, celery
  • 5.2.3.1.5 Food from roots

    Use this domain for words referring to food from roots.

  • What types of roots are eaten?
    potato, sweet potato, carrot, onion, beet, cassava, yam, ginger
  • 5.2.3.2 Food from animals

    Use this domain for words referring to eating meat and to types of animals that are eaten. Only include those animals that are commonly eaten, especially those that are domesticated.

    OMC Codes: 
    266 Cannibalism
  • What words refer to a person (or animal) who only eats meat?
    carnivore, carnivorous, meat eating
  • What types of animals are eaten?
    beef (cow), mutton (sheep), venison (deer)
  • What types of birds are eaten?
    chicken, turkey
  • What types of fish are eaten?
    tuna, trout, sardines
  • What types of reptiles are eaten?
    frog legs
  • What types of insects can be eaten?
    edible insects, white ant, termite, grub, locust
  • What words refer to honey and other insect products that can be eaten?
    honey
  • What types of small animals are eaten?
    shrimp, lobster
  • What words refer to eating human flesh?
    cannibal
  • 5.2.3.2.1 Meat

    Use this domain for words referring to meat and types of animals that are eaten. Only include those animals that are commonly eaten.

  • What general words refer to meat?
    meat
  • What words refer to different types of meat?
    ground beef, steak
  • What words refer to fat?
    fat, grease
  • What words refer to cartilage and other hard parts that are not eaten?
    gristle
  • 5.2.3.2.2 Milk products

    Use this domain for words related to milk products.

  • What types of milk products are eaten?
    milk, butter, cheese, cream, whey, milk solids, butterfat, yogurt, curd
  • 5.2.3.2.3 Egg dishes

    Use this domain for words related to food made from eggs.

  • What words refer to egg dishes?
    boiled egg, fried egg, scrambled eggs, poached egg, omelet, baked eggs, quiche, caviar (fish eggs)
  • 5.2.3.3 Cooking ingredients

    Use this domain for general words referring to ingredients--the things that are added together when preparing food.

    Louw Nida Codes: 
    5B Condiments
  • What general words refer to ingredients?
    ingredient
  • What words refer to thickeners?
    thickener, cornstarch, pectin, egg, gelatin, agar, wheat flour, corn flour, tapioca flour, cassava flour, sago flour, rice flour, glutinous rice flour,
  • 5.2.3.3.1 Sugar

    Use this domain for words related to sugar.

  • What words refer to sugar?
    sugar, sweetener, granulated sugar, white sugar, brown sugar, sugar cube, grain of sugar,
  • What words describe something that has sugar in it?
    sweet, sugary, sweetened,
  • What words refer to putting sugar in food?
    sweeten, sprinkle,
  • What containers are used for sugar?
    spoonful of sugar, sugar bowl
  • 5.2.3.3.2 Salt

    Use this domain for words related to salt.

  • What words refer to salt?
    salt, salty, saline, to salt, grain of salt,
  • What containers are used for salt?
    saltshaker
  • 5.2.3.3.3 Spice

    Use this domain for spices--things that are added to food to make them taste better.

  • What general words refer to spice?
    spice, flavoring, seasoning
  • What types of spices are there?
    pepper, curry, oregano, thyme, cinnamon, bay leaf, parsley, nutmeg, mint, cumin
  • What words refer to adding spice to food?
    spice, flavor, season
  • What words describe food to which spice has been added?
    spicy, flavorful, seasoned
  • 5.2.3.3.4 Leaven

    Use this domain for leaven--things that are added to food to make them ferment.

  • What words refer to leaven?
    leaven, yeast, baking powder (sodium bicarbonate), rising agent
  • What words refer to adding leaven to food?
    leaven
  • What words refer to what happens to food when leaven is added?
    rise, ferment
  • 5.2.3.3.5 Cooking oil

    Use this domain for words related to cooking oil.

  • What words refer to oil used in cooking?
    cooking oil, oil, margarine, shortening
  • What seeds are used to make oil?
    olive, corn, canola, cottonseed,
  • 5.2.3.4 Prepared food

    Use this domain for words referring to prepared food. Cultures vary widely in the number and types of foods they prepare, and in how they classify them. For instance the English distinction between main dish and side dish is not found in the classification system of other languages. If your language has well-recognized subcategories, you can set up a separate subdomain for each. The questions below are based on the main ingredient in the dish.

    OMC Codes: 
    263 Condiments
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    5B Condiments
  • What general words refer to prepared food?
    cooked food, prepared food, dish, course
  • What words refer to a major class of prepared food?
    main dish, side dish, meat dish, casserole, vegetable, staple, bread, soup, salad, fruit, condiment, dessert, candy, cookie, sweets, savories, snack
  • What general words refer to a food made primarily from meat?
    meat dish, main dish, main course
  • What types of foods are made primarily from meat?
    roast beef, steak, fried chicken, fish and chips, hamburger, hotdog, pizza, spaghetti, casserole, lasagna, stew
  • What foods are made primarily from staple foods?
    mashed potatoes and gravy, pasta, cooked rice, stuffing, oatmeal, porridge, cereal, mush
  • What types of bread are there?
    bread, pastry, brown bread, white bread, biscuit, muffin, roll, sweetbread, sandwich, tortilla, toast, loaf
  • What foods are made primarily from fruit?
    cranberry sauce, applesauce, fruit salad
  • What foods are made primarily from vegetables?
    side dish, vegetable, carrot sticks, onion rings
  • What foods are made primarily from leaves and stems?
    salad, tossed salad, green salad, coleslaw
  • What words refer to foods that contain a lot of water and are boiled?
    soup, tomato soup, split green pea soup, clam chowder, broth, stew, gravy
  • What types of condiments are there (foods that people only eat a little of, because they are expensive, strong tasting, or are added to other foods to flavor them)?
    condiment, garnish, pickle, olive, black olive, green olive, tomato sauce, catsup, mustard, mayonnaise, peanut butter, jam, jelly, preserves
  • What words refer to sweet foods?
    dessert, sweet (n), cake, ice cream, pie, cobbler, cookie, cinnamon roll, candy, chocolate, chocolate bar, pudding, lollipop, syrup, treacle,
  • What foods are eaten away from home (for instance on a journey or at work)?
    sack lunch, picnic lunch, dried food, C-rations, fast food
  • 5.2.3.5 Prohibited food

    Use this domain for words that describe food that is prohibited by the culture or religion. Do not list the foods that are prohibited.

  • What words describe food that is prohibited?
    prohibited food, taboo food, unclean
  • What words describe food that is not prohibited?
    kosher
  • 5.2.3.6 Beverage

    Use this domain for words referring to things people drink.

    OMC Codes: 
    272 Nonalcoholic Beverages
  • What general words refer to things people drink?
    beverage, drink
  • What types of drinks are there?
    water, milk, juice, tea, coffee, soda, soda pop, coke, milkshake, malt, chocolate
  • 5.2.3.7 Alcoholic beverage

    Use this domain for types of beverages containing alcohol.

    OMC Codes: 
    273 Alcoholic Beverages
    270 Drink and Drugs
    Drink, Drugs and Indulgence
  • What general words refer to alcoholic beverages?
    alcoholic beverage, alcohol, liquor
  • What types of alcoholic drinks are there?
    beer, wine, rice wine, sake, mead, whiskey, vodka, millet beer, banana beer,
  • What words refer to how much alcohol is in a beverage?
    proof
  • 5.2.3.7.1 Alcohol preparation

    Use this domain for words related to making alcoholic beverages.

    OMC Codes: 
    274 Beverage Industries
  • What words refer to making alcoholic beverages?
    brew
  • What are the steps in brewing?
    ferment, distill, mellow, age, ripen
  • What foodstuffs are used to make alcohol?
    hops, yeast, millet, corn (maize), rice
  • What equipment and materials are used to brew alcohol?
    distillery, brewery, still, filter
  • 5.2.3.7.2 Drunk

    Use this domain for words related to drinking alcohol and the effect it has on a person.

    OMC Codes: 
    275 Drinking Establishment
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    88K' Drunkenness
  • What words refer to drinking alcohol?
    drink, imbibe
  • What words refer to someone who drinks a lot of alcohol?
    drunkard, drunk, wino, alcoholic
  • What words refer to the effect alcohol has on a person?
    be drunk, be intoxicated, soused, had too many, under the influence, drink under the table
  • What words refer to the aftereffects of being drunk?
    hangover
  • What words refer to a drinking establishment?
    bar, saloon, bartender
  • 5.2.4 Tobacco

    Use this domain for words related to using tobacco.

    OMC Codes: 
    277 Tobacco Industry
  • What words refer to tobacco?
    tobacco, cigarette, pack of cigarettes, cigar, pipe, chewing tobacco
  • What methods of using tobacco are there?
    smoke, light up, light (a cigarette), chew
  • What tools are used to smoke or chew tobacco?
    filter, pipe cleaner, ashtray, spittoon
  • What words refer to a person who smokes tobacco?
    smoker
  • What affect does tobacco have on a person?
    smokers cough, smokers hack, habit, addiction, lung cancer
  • What is produced by smoking tobacco?
    cigarette ash, cigarette smoke, cigarette butt
  • What does tobacco contain?
    nicotine, tar
  • 5.2.5 Narcotic

    Use this domain for words related to narcotics and drugs that are not used as medicine but as stimulants. Narcotics are often addicting and harmful to a person's health.

    OMC Codes: 
    276 Recreational and Non-therapeutic Drugs
    Narcotics and Stimulants
  • What general words refer to narcotics?
    narcotic, drug,
  • What types of narcotics are there?
    marijuana, bhang, LSD, heroin, opium
  • What words refer to taking drugs?
    take drugs, be on drugs
  • What tools are used to take drugs?
    drug paraphernalia
  • What words refer to a person who takes drugs?
    addict, user, junkie,
  • What words refer to a dosage of drugs?
    joint,
  • What affect do drugs have on people?
    addiction, dependence, be high
  • What words refer to being addicted to drugs?
    be addicted, dependent, be hooked,
  • What words refer to the need for drugs?
    addiction, habit, dependence,
  • What words describe a drug that makes people addicted?
    addictive,
  • 5.2.6 Stimulant

    Use this domain for words related to stimulants--substances that are drunk, eaten, or chewed to make a person more alert or give him more energy.

    OMC Codes: 
    276 Recreational and Non-therapeutic Drugs
    Narcotics and Stimulants
  • What general words refer to stimulants?
    stimulant
  • What types of stimulants are there?
    coffee, tea, mate, hookah, chewing gum, beetle nut,