1.6.1 Types of animals

Use this domain for words describing types of animals. Use a book of pictures to identify each species and its scientific name. This section is organized according to the scientific, biological classification of animals. It may not correspond to the local classification of animals (folk taxonomy), which are often based on how people relate to animals (tame/wild, edible/work). Use this domain for words referring to large classes of animals that do not correspond to the scientific classification. For instance this would be the place for a word like 'flying animal', which includes birds, bats, and flying insects.

Louw Nida Codes: 
4A Animals
  • What words refer to types of animals?
    phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, chordate, vertebrate, invertebrate, crustacean, rodent, insect, arthropod, mollusk, echidna, protozoa, protozoan, protozoon, amebic, amoeba, bacteriophage, cold-blooded, warm-blooded, multicellular, single-celled, unicellular, microorganism, germ, virus, viral, purebred, hybrid, quadruped, biped, two-footed, four-footed, diurnal, nocturnal, beast, brute, vermin, varmint, albino
  • What words refer to wild animals?
    wild (animal), untamed, feral, wildlife, beast
  • What words refer to tame animals?
    tame (animal), tamed, domesticated, livestock, pet
  • What words refer to the process of taming an animal?
    tame, domesticate, break (a horse)
  • What words refer to animals that eat certain things?
    carnivore, carnivorous, meat eater, meat eating, predator, predatory, insectivore, insectivorous, herbivore, herbivorous, plant eating, omnivore, omnivorous, scavenger, parasite
  • What words refer to whether or not an animal can be eaten?
    edible, non-edible, clean, unclean, kosher
  • What words refer to where an animal lives?
    amphibian, aquatic, arboreal, barnyard, tropical

    • 1.6.1.1 Mammal

    Use this domain for general words referring to mammals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia).

    OMC Codes: 
    136f Mammals
  • What general words refer to mammals?
    mammal, mammalian, animal

    • 1.6.1.1.1 Primate

    Use this domain for primates (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Primates).

  • What general words refer to primates?
    primate, ape, monkey, anthropoid
  • What species of primates are there?
    baboon, capuchin, chimpanzee, colobus, gibbon, gorilla, langur, lemur, orangutan, macaque, mandrill, marmoset, rhesus, ringtail

    • 1.6.1.1.2 Carnivore

    Use this domain for carnivores--meat-eating animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Carnivora).

  • What general words refer to carnivores?
    carnivore, meat eater, meat eating
  • What animals are in the dog family?
    dog, wolf, coyote, fox, jackal, wild-dog, dingo
  • What animals are in the cat family?
    cat, lion, lioness, leopard, leopardess, genet, wild-cat, bobcat, cheetah, tiger, tigress, lynx, wildcat, cougar, panther, puma, jaguar, jaguarundi, ocelot, caracal
  • What animals are in the bear family?
    bear, grizzly, koala, panda, polar bear
  • What animals are in the weasel family?
    weasel, ermine, ferret, marten, mink, otter, polecat, skunk, stoat
  • What animals are in the sable family?
    sable, wolverine
  • What animals are in the civet cat family?
    civet cat, mongoose
  • What other carnivores are there?
    hyena, raccoon, coon,

    • 1.6.1.1.3 Hoofed animals

    Use this domain for even-toed hoofed animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Artiodactyla), odd-toed hoofed animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Perissodactyla), and elephants (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Proboscidea).

  • What general words refer to hoofed animals?
    ungulate, herbivore, clean animal, ruminant
  • What species of two-toed hoofed animals are there?
    cattle, cow, goat, sheep, alpaca, antelope, bighorn sheep, bison, buffalo, camel, carabao, caribou, chamois, deer, stag, buck, doe, dromedary, eland, elk, gazelle, gemsbok, giraffe, gnu, hart, hartebeest, ibex, kudu, llama, moose, musk ox, okapi, oryx, pronghorn, reindeer, roe, roebuck, sable antelope, sambar, springbok, steenbok, wildebeest, yak
  • What species of four-toed hoofed animals are there?
    pig, hog, warthog, peccary, javelina, hippopotamus
  • What species of odd-toed hoofed animals are there?
    horse, donkey, zebra, tapir, rhinoceros, elephant, pachyderm, onager

    • 1.6.1.1.4 Rodent

    Use this domain for rodents--gnawing animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Rodentia), insect eating animals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Insectivora), rabbits (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Lagomorpha), and hyraxes (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Hyracoidea).

  • What general words refer to rodents?
    rodent
  • What species of rodent are there?
    rat, mouse, squirrel, chipmunk, marmot, beaver, porcupine, capybara, cavy, chinchilla, coypu, gerbil, gopher, hamster, lemming, muskrat, vole, woodchuck
  • What species of insect eating animals are there?
    mole, shrew, hedgehog
  • What species of rabbit are there?
    rabbit, cottontail, hare, pika
  • What species of hyrax are there?
    hyrax, coney, dassy

    • 1.6.1.1.5 Marsupial

    Use this domain for marsupials (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Marsupialia). Marsupials carry their young in a pouch.

  • What general words refer to marsupials?
    marsupial
  • What species of marsupials are there?
    opossum, possum, kangaroo, wallaby, Tasmanian devil, wombat

    • 1.6.1.1.6 Anteater, aardvark

    Use this domain for mammals with few or no teeth--anteaters (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Edentata), pangolins (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Pholidota), aardvarks (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Tubulidentata), and platypus--mammals that lay eggs (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Monotremata).

  • What species of anteaters are there?
    anteater, sloth, armadillo
  • What species of pangolin are there?
    pangolin, scaly anteater
  • What words refer to the aardvark?
    aardvark
  • What species of mammals lay eggs?
    duckbill platypus, spiny anteater

    • 1.6.1.1.7 Sea mammal

    Use this domain for mammals that live in the sea--whales and dolphins (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Cetacea), seals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Pinnipedia), and sea cows (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Sirenia).

  • What general words refer to sea mammals?
    cetacean, pinniped
  • What species of whales and dolphins are there?
    whale, sperm whale, killer whale, blue whale, right whale, dolphin, porpoise
  • What species of seals are there?
    seal, walrus, sea lion
  • What species of sea cow are there?
    sea cow, manatee

    • 1.6.1.1.8 Bat

    Use this domain for bats--flying mammals (phylum Chordata, class Mammalia, order Chiroptera).

  • What general words refer to bats?
    bat
  • What types of bats are there?
    fruit bat, vampire bat

    • 1.6.1.2 Bird

    Use this domain for birds (phylum Chordata, class Aves).

    OMC Codes: 
    136i Bird
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4B Birds
  • What general words refer to birds?
    bird, fowl, poultry
  • What words refer to kinds of birds?
    bird of prey, songbird, flightless bird, flying, water bird, arboreal, domesticated, insectivorous, migratory, nocturnal, oceanic, predator, raptor, seabird, songbird, shorebird, waterfowl
  • What species of bird are there?
    accipiter, accipitrine, anhinga, albatross, aquiline, auk, avocet, bittern, blackbird, blackcap, bluebird, blue jay, bobolink, bobwhite, booby, brant, bullfinch, bunting, bustard, buteo, buzzard, canary, caracara, cardinal, cassowary, catbird, chat, chickadee, chicken, cock, cockatoo, cormorant, condor, coot, crane, crepuscular, crow, cuckoo, curlew, cygnet, dove, drake, duck, duckling, dunlin, eagle, eaglet, egret, eider, emu, erne, falcon, fieldfare, finch, flamingo, flicker, flycatcher, fulmar, gallinule, gander, gannet, gnatcatcher, goatsucker, godwit, goldfinch, goose, goshawk, gosling, grackle, grebe, grouse, gull, gyrfalcon, hawk, hen, heron, hoopoe, hummingbird, ibis, jackdaw, jaeger, jay, junco, kea, kingbird, kingfisher, kite, kittiwake, kiwi, lapwing, lark, loon, lovebird, lyrebird, macaw, magpie, mallard, martin, merganser, mew, moa, mockingbird, myna, mynah, nighthawk, nightjar, nonpasserine, nuthatch, oriole, oscine, osprey, ostrich, owl, parakeet, passerine, parrot, partridge, peacock, peafowl, peahen, peewit, pelican, penguin, peregrine, petrel, pewee, pewit, phalarope, pheasant, pigeon, pintail, pipit, plover, ptarmigan, puffin, quail, quetzal, rail, ratite, raven, redbird, rhea, ricebird, ringdove, robin, rooster, rook, runner, sandpiper, sapsucker, scoter, seagull, shearwater, shelduck, siskin, skua, snipe, snowbird, sparrow, spoonbill, squab, starling, stilt, stork, swallow, swan, swift, tailorbird, tanager, teal, tern, thrasher, thrush, tit, titmouse, towhee, trumpeter, tumbler, turkey, turnstone, turtledove, vireo, vulture, vulturine, wading, warbler, waxwing, weaverbird, whistler, willet, woodcock, woodpecker, wren, yellowhammer, yellowlegs, yellowthroat
  • What words describe birds?
    long-necked, short-necked, long-winged, zygodactyl

    • 1.6.1.3 Reptile

    Use this domain for general words referring to reptiles (phylum Chordata, class Reptilia).

    OMC Codes: 
    136h Reptile
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4D Reptiles and Other 'Creeping Things'
  • What general words refer to reptiles?
    reptile, reptilian

    • 1.6.1.3.1 Snake

    Use this domain for words related to snakes.

  • What general words refer to snakes?
    snake, serpent
  • What types of snakes are there?
    constrictor, poisonous
  • What species of snake are there?
    rattlesnake, python, boa, anaconda, cobra, viper, mamba, sea snake, adder, anaconda, asp, boa, bushmaster, cobra, copperhead, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, mamba, water moccasin, python, racer, rattler, rattlesnake, sidewinder, viper

    • 1.6.1.3.2 Lizard

    Use this domain for words related to lizards.

  • What general words refer to lizards?
    lizard
  • What species of lizard are there?
    chameleon, agama lizard, skink, gecko, monitor lizard, iguana

    • 1.6.1.3.3 Turtle

    Use this domain for words related to turtles.

  • What general words refer to turtles?
    turtle (water), tortoise (land)
  • What species of turtles are there?
    box turtle, leatherback, snapping turtle, Galapagos tortoise, terrapin

    • 1.6.1.3.4 Crocodile

    Use this domain for words referring to crocodiles.

  • What species of crocodiles are there?
    alligator, caiman, crocodile

    • 1.6.1.4 Amphibian

    Use this domain for amphibians (phylum Chordata, class Amphibia).

    OMC Codes: 
    136g Amphibian, worm
  • What general words refer to amphibians?
    frog (water), toad (land), amphibian
  • What species of amphibians are there?
    bullfrog, tree frog, horned toad, mud puppy, newt, salamander, eft
  • What words refer to a baby amphibian?
    tadpole

    • 1.6.1.5 Fish

    Use this domain for fish (phylum Chordata, class Osteichthyes).

    OMC Codes: 
    136j Fish and Mollusk
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4E Fishes and Other Sea Creatures
  • What general words refer to animals that live in the water?
    fish, water animal, sea creature
  • What species of freshwater fish are there?
    trout, minnow, catfish, mudfish, perch
  • What species of saltwater fish are there?
    anchovy, barracuda, bass, blackfish, bonefish, bream, carp, cod, codfish, crappie, darter, flatfish, flounder, gar, garfish, garpike, goldfish, grouper, guppy, halibut, herring, lungfish, mackerel, marlin, pickerel, pike, piranha, pollack, pompano, sailfish, salmon, sardine, sea horse, shad, sole, spearfish, sturgeon, sucker, sunfish, swordfish, tarpon, tuna, turbot, whitefish, whiting, wrasse
  • What words refer to the very small animals in the ocean?
    plankton
  • What words describe where a fish lives?
    freshwater, saltwater, pelagic, marine, aquatic
  • What words describe fish?
    bony, finned, jawed, jawless, lobe-finned, poisonous, snouted

    • 1.6.1.6 Shark, ray

    Use this domain for sharks and rays--animals with cartilage instead of bones (phylum Chordata, class Chondrichthyes), and eels (phylum Chordata, class Cyclostomata).

    OMC Codes: 
    136j Fish and Mollusk
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4E Fishes and Other Sea Creatures
  • What types of sharks and rays are there?
    shark, ray, stingray, skate, chimera
  • What types of eels are there?
    eel, electric eel, slime eel, hagfish, lamprey
  • What words describe sharks and rays?
    cartilaginous, ray-finned, soft finned

    • 1.6.1.7 Insect

    Use this domain for the names of insect species (phylum Arthropoda, class Insecta). Note that insects have six legs and spiders have eight legs. However some languages may not distinguish insects from spiders and may use other characteristics to sub-divide the Arthropods.

    OMC Codes: 
    136k Insect
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4C Insects
  • What general words refer to insects?
    insect, bug
  • What species of insects are there?
    ant, army ant, armyworm, bedbug, bee, beetle, bluebottle fly, botfly, bristletail, bumblebee, butterfly, carpenter bee, chigger, cicada, cockroach, cricket, daddy longlegs, damselfly, deerfly, dragonfly, dung beetle, earwig, firefly, flea, fly, glowworm, gnat, grasshopper, hawkmoth, hellgramite, honeybee, hornet, horsefly, housefly, inchworm, jigger, katydid, ladybug, leafhopper, lice, locust, long-horned beetle, louse, mantis, mayfly, midge, millipede, mite, monarch butterfly, mosquito, moth, mud wasp, nit, praying mantis, roach, sawfly, scarab, silkworm, silverfish, stinkbug, swallowtail, termite, tick, tsetse fly, tumblebug, walking stick, wasp, weevil, wiggler, wriggler
  • What special kinds of workers exist within an insect colony?
    queen (ant, bee), worker, drone (bee), soldier
  • What words describe insects?
    borer, carnivorous, cosmopolitan, crawling, creeping, diurnal, dauber, flying, hopper, hopping, insectile, larva, larval, nocturnal, pest, predacious, predator, pupa, queen, segmented, stinging, two-winged, venomous, winged, wingless

    • 1.6.1.8 Spider

    Use this domain for spiders (phylum Arthropoda, class Arachnida). Note that insects have six legs and spiders have eight legs. However some languages may not distinguish insects from spiders and may use other characteristics to sub-divide the Arthropods.

  • What general words refer to spiders?
    spider, arachnid
  • What species of spiders are there?
    black widow, brown recluse, tarantula, wolf spider, scorpion, tick, mite
  • What words refer to spider webs?
    spider web, cobweb, web, spin, silk

    • 1.6.1.9 Small animals

    Use this domain for the names of worms, animals with shells, and other animals that do not fit into any of the other categories.

    OMC Codes: 
    136g Amphibian, worm
    136j Fish and Mollusk
    Louw Nida Codes: 
    4E Fishes and Other Sea Creatures
  • What general words refer to small animals such as worms?
    worm, shellfish
  • What words refer to one-celled animals (phylum Protozoa)?
    bacteria, germ, virus
  • What words refer to sponges? (phylum Porifera)?
    sponge
  • What words refer to water animals with tentacles (phylum Coelenterata)?
    coral, sea anemone, Portuguese man-of-war, jellyfish, hydra, medusa
  • What words refer to flatworms (phylum Platyhelminthes)?
    flatworm, liver fluke, intestinal worm, tapeworm
  • What words refer to roundworms (phylum Nematoda)?
    roundworm, hookworm, pinworm
  • What words refer to rotifers (phylum Rotifera)?
    rotifer
  • What words refer to mollusks (phylum Mollusca)?
    mollusk, snail, slug, abalone, oyster, scallop, mussel, clam, nautilus, cuttlefish, octopus, squid, conch
  • What words refer to segmented worms (phylum Annelida)?
    segmented worm, earthworm, leech
  • What words refer to walking worms (phylum Onychophora)?
    velvet worm, walking worm
  • What words refer to crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda, class Crustacea)?
    crustacean, shrimp, barnacle, pill bug, lobster, crab, crawfish, crayfish
  • What words refer to centipedes--animals with a body with many segments and two legs on each segment (phylum Arthropoda, class Chilopoda)?
    centipede
  • What words refer to millipedes--animals with a body with many segments and four legs on each segment (phylum Arthropoda, class Diplopoda)?
    millipede
  • What words refer to horseshoe crabs (phylum Arthropoda, class Merostomata)?
    horseshoe crab
  • What words refer to brachiopods--animals with two shells and two arms (phylum Brachiopoda)?
    brachiopod, lampshell
  • What words refer to animals with spiny skins (phylum Echinodermata)?
    echinoderm, sea cucumber, sea urchin, sand dollar, sea star, starfish, brittle star
  • What words refer to arrow worms (phylum Chaetognatha)?
    arrow worm